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Comparing Performance of Machine Learning Tools across Computing Platforms
Ref: CISTER-TR-230904       Publication Date: 18, Sep, 2023

Abstract:
Embedded systems (ES) are wide-spread in our world and responsible for many critical systems. More recently, machine learning (ML) tools have become a well-established solution for data-intensive tasks, but their application in embedded systems is still gaining traction and their real-time performance is often unclear. We provide a (non-extensive) review of the ML tools that may be suited for deployment in ES, from which we selected two representative tools - the well-established Python-based Scikit-Learn, and the interoperability-oriented ONNX Runtime - to compare their response time. Using archetypal datasets and four pre-trained ML models, we measure the prediction time for each sample, for each model, in Scikit-Learn and ONNX Runtime in a standard desktop (to compare performance of the tools in the same platform), and for ONNX Runtime in a representative ES, a Raspberry Pi v4 (to compare performance of the same tool across platforms). We report that ONNX considerably improves over Scikit-Learn, and experiences a negligible performance degradation when ported to the RPi.

Pedro Vicente

,

Pedro Miguel Santos

,

Barikisu Asulba

,

Nuno Martins

,

Joana Sousa

,

Luís Almeida

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